Thanks, Bairavi Sripalan!
Metabolism
Main Ideas Labs Plant Pigments & Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration
Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and ultimately as heat, while the chemical elements essential to life are recycled.
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image150.gif
Cellular Respiration
– About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration making about 36-38 ATP.
Glycolysis
– occurs in the cytoplasm
– During glycolysis each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 molecules of the compound pyruvate. In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion
– From there it is oxidized to CO2. ATP is than generated.
– has 10 steps that are broken down into 2 main phases
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/13_03_glycolysis.jpg
1-3 energy is in the form of ATP. So ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP in two steps
7-10 glycolysis substrate level phosphorylations occur. The formation of ATP through the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP
Krebs cycle / Citric Cycle
– occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
– active transport
– only occurs when oxygen is present, and processes lipids, proteins and carbohydrates
Oxidative Phosphorylation
– amounts for the most energy extracted from food
– has two stages
– Electron transport chain
– Pumps in the christae
– Moves the NADH and FADH2 => redox power
– Chemiosmosis
– H+ passes through ATP synthase
– ATP synthase makes ATP
Glucose è NADH è E.T.C. è Proton Motive Force è
Fermentation (Anerobic)
– Uses an electron transport with an e- acceptor other than O2
– Fermentation uses phosphorylation instead of electron transport chain to generalize ATP
Photosynthesis
– Process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
– Consists of the light reactions & calvin cycle
Mesophyll – are where chloroplasts are found, are located in the middle of the leaf and have about 30-40 chloroplasts
Thylakoids – contains the chlorophyll; connected sacs in the chloroplasts
Chloroplast è Granum (Grana) è Thylakoid è Chlorophyll *stroma is the matrix of the chloroplast
Light reactions
– Splits water molecules
– Releases O2
– Reduce NADP+ to NADPH
– Generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation
Calvin Cycle
– Forms sugar from CO2; ATP + NADPH
– Carbon fixation (incorporating CO2 into organic molecules)
Pigments
– pigments absorb visible lights
– different pigments absorb different wavelengths; wavelengths that are not absorbed are reflected or transmitted
Plants
– most plants are C3 plants
– photorespiration and O2 is used by rubisco
– C4 plants
– – to minimize the cost photorespiration into 4-carbon compounds
– CAM
– – opens their stoma at night and close during the day.